C the complete reference 4th edition pdf download

C and. CPP File Extensions. Modifying the Basic Types. Identifier Names. Where Variables Are Declared. Local Variables. Global Variables. The const and volatile Qualifiers. Storage Class Specifiers. Variable Initializations. Hexadecimal and Octal Constants. String Constants. Backslash Character Constants.

The Assignment Operator. Type Conversion in Assignments. Multiple Assignments. Arithmetic Operators. Increment and Decrement. Relational and Logical Operators. Bitwise Operators. The Compile-Time Operator sizeof. The Comma Operator. The Dot. The [ ] and Operators. Precedence Summary. Order of Evaluation. Type Conversion in Expressions. Spacing and Parentheses.

Compound Assignments. Selection Statements. Nested ifs. The if-else-if Ladder. The Conditional Expression. Nested switch Statements. Iteration Statements. The for Loop. The Infinite Loop. The while Loop. The do-while Loop. Jump Statements. The return Statement. The goto Statement. The break Statement.

The exit Function. The continue Statement. Expression Statements. Block Statements. Generating a Pointer to an Array. Passing Single-Dimension Arrays to Functions.

Null-Terminated Strings. Two-Dimensional Arrays. Arrays of Strings. Multidimensional Arrays. Indexing Pointers. Array Initialization. Unsized Array Initializations. A Tic-Tac-Toe Example. Pointer Variables. The Pointer Operators. Pointer Expressions. Pointer Assignments. Pointer Arithmetic. Pointer Comparisons. Pointers and Arrays.

Arrays of Pointers. Multiple Indirection. Initializing Pointers. Pointers to Functions. Problems with Pointers. Scope Rules of Functions. Function Arguments. Call by Value, Call by Reference. Creating a Call by Reference. Calling Functions with Arrays. Returning from a Function.

Returning Values. Returning Pointers. Functions of Type void. What Does main Return? Function Prototypes. Standard Library Function Prototypes. Declaring Variable-Length Parameter Lists. Accessing Structure Members. Structure Assignments. Arrays of Structures. Passing Structures to Functions. Passing Structure Members to Functions. Passing Entire Structures to Functions. Structure Pointers.

Declaring a Structure Pointer. Using Structure Pointers. Arrays and Structures Within Structures. Using sizeof to Ensure Portability. A Problem with getchar. Alternatives to getchar. Reading and Writing Strings. Printing Characters.

Printing Numbers. Displaying an Address. Format Modifiers. The Minimum Field Width Specifier. The Precision Specifier. Justifying Output. Handling Other Data Types. Format Specifiers. Inputting Numbers. Inputting Unsigned Integers. Reading Individual Characters Using scanf. Reading Strings. Inputting an Address. Using a Scanset. Discarding Unwanted White Space. You Must Pass scanf Addresses.

Suppressing Input. Streams and Files. Text Streams. Binary Streams. File System Basics. The File Pointer. Opening a File. Closing a File. Writing a Character. Reading a Character. Using feof. Working with Strings: fputs and fgets. Erasing Files. Flushing a Stream. Using fread and fwrite. The Standard Streams. Using freopen to Redirect the Standard Streams.

Defining Function-like Macros. Conditional Compilation Directives. Using defined. The and Preprocessor Operators. Predefined Macro Names. Single-Line Comments.

What Is Object-Oriented Programming? Declaring Local Variables. No Default to int. The bool Data Type. Old-Style vs. Working with an Old Compiler. Function Overloading. Constructors and Destructors.

Structures and Classes Are Related. Unions and Classes Are Related. Anonymous Unions. Friend Functions. Friend Classes. Inline Functions. Defining Inline Functions Within a Class. Parameterized Constructors. Static Class Members.

Static Data Members. Static Member Functions. When Constructors and Destructors Are Executed. The Scope Resolution Operator. Nested Classes. Local Classes. Passing Objects to Functions. Returning Objects. Object Assignment. Creating Initialized vs.

Uninitialized Arrays. Pointers to Objects. Pointers to Derived Types. Pointers to Class Members. Reference Parameters. Passing References to Objects. Returning References. Independent References. References to Derived Types. Restrictions to References.

A Matter of Style. Initializing Allocated Memory. Allocating Arrays. Allocating Objects. The nothrow Alternative. The Placement Form of new. Overloading Constructors. Overloading a Constructor to Gain Flexibility. Allowing Both Initialized and Uninitialized Objects.

Copy Constructors. Finding the Address of an Overloaded Function. The overload Anachronism. Default Function Arguments.

Default Arguments vs. Using Default Arguments Correctly. Function Overloading and Ambiguity. Overloading the Shorthand Operators. Operator Overloading Restrictions. Operator Overloading Using a Friend Function.

Friend Operator Functions Add Flexibility. Overloading new and delete. Overloading new and delete for Arrays. Overloading the nothrow Version of new and delete. Overloading [ ]. Overloading the Comma Operator. Inheritance and protected Members. Protected Base-Class Inheritance.

Inheriting Multiple Base Classes. Constructors, Destructors, and Inheritance. Passing Parameters to Base-Class Constructors. Granting Access. Virtual Base Classes. The Virtual Attribute Is Inherited. Virtual Functions Are Hierarchical. Pure Virtual Functions. Abstract Classes. Using Virtual Functions. Early vs. Late Binding. A Function with Two Generic Types. Explicitly Overloading a Generic Function.

Overloading a Function Template. Using Standard Parameters with Template Functions. Generic Function Restrictions. Applying Generic Functions. A Generic Sort. Compacting an Array. Generic Classes. Using Default Arguments with Template Classes. Explicit Class Specializations. The Power of Templates. Catching Class Types. Using Multiple catch Statements. Handling Derived-Class Exceptions.

Exception Handling Options. Catching All Exceptions. Restricting Exceptions. Rethrowing an Exception. Understanding terminate and unexpected. Setting the Terminate and Unexpected Handlers.

Applying Exception Handling. Formatting Using the ios Members. Setting the Format Flags. Clearing Format Flags. An Overloaded Form of setf. Examining the Formatting Flags.

Setting All Flags. Using width , precision , and fill. Creating Your Own Inserters. Creating Your Own Extractors. Creating Your Own Manipulator Functions. Opening and Closing a File. Reading and Writing Text Files. Characters vs. Detecting EOF. The ignore Function. Random Access. Obtaining the Current File Position. The Casting Operators. Namespace Fundamentals. Unnamed Namespaces. Some Namespace Options. The std Namespace. Creating Conversion Functions.

Volatile Member Functions. Explicit Constructors. The Member Initialization Syntax. Using the asm Keyword. Linkage Specification. The Array-Based Classes. Creating an Array-Based Output Stream. Using an Array as Input. Using Dynamic Arrays. Other STL Elements. The Container Classes. General Theory of Operation. Accessing a Vector Through an Iterator. Inserting and Deleting Elements in a Vector. Storing Class Objects in a Vector. Understanding end. Sort a List. Merging One List with Another.

Storing Class Objects in a List. Storing Class Objects in a Map. Removing and Replacing Elements. Reversing a Sequence. Transforming a Sequence. Using Function Objects. Unary and Binary Function Objects. Using the Built-in Function Objects. Creating a Function Object. Using Binders. The string Class.

Some string Member Functions. Strings Are Containers. Putting Strings into Other Containers. Final Thoughts on the STL. The Wide-Character String Functions. Wide-Character String Conversion Functions. Wide-Character Array Functions. Several Data Types. The streamsize and streamoff Types. The streampos and wstreampos Types. The openmode Type. The iostate Type. The seekdir Type. The failure Class. The Basic Iterator Types.

The Low-Level Iterator Classes. The Predefined Iterators. Two Iterator Functions. Function Objects. The valarray Class. The slice and gslice Classes. The Helper Classes. The Numeric Algorithms. The pair Class. Other Classes of Interest. The Constructors and Destructors. The Assignment Functions. Substring Subtraction. The Relational Operators. Miscellaneous String Functions. The Entire StrType Class. Using the StrType Class. Creating and Integrating New Types in General.

A Challenge. The changes found in C 2. With expertly crafted explanations, insider tips, and hundreds of examples, this book fully explains every aspect of C 2. Written in the clear, uncompromising style that has made master programming author Herb Schildt the choice of millions, the book covers all the new and existing features of this major programming language.

Using carefully crafted explanations, insider tips, and hundreds of examples, C 4. One simple principle drives this book: explore a few things deeply rather than offer a shallow view of the whole C landscape.

If you often find yourself wanting just a little more at the end of a typical chapter, this is the book for you. Expert author Jon Skeet dives into the C language, plumbing new C 2 and 3 features and probing the core C language concepts that drive them. This unique book puts the new features into context of how C has evolved without a lengthy rehearsal of the full C language.

C in Depth briefly examines the history of C and the. NET framework and reviews a few often-misunderstood C 1 concepts that are Computational Finance Using C and C. The inclusion of both these languages enables readers to match their use of the book to their firm's internal software and code requirements.